The CDC estimates that 19 drug-resistant pathogens cause 9.7 million infections and more than 50,000 deaths annually in the U.S., with resistance continuing to outpace development of new treatments. "The agency considers this problem to be one of our most urgent public health threats," reports NBC News. From the report: The report is the CDC's first comprehensive assessment of these drug-resistant pathogens in seven years. [...] The new report offers a detailed picture of these threats in the U.S., including a ranking of which are the most urgent concerns, based on the number and severity of infections they cause and how easily preventable or transmissible they are. The ranking also factors in how many treatment options exist and their costs. [...] The report estimates that 19 drug-resistant germs cause 9.7 million infections annually in the U.S. Of these, four pathogens are ranked as most worrisome, including the fungus Candida auris and the bacteria that causes gonorrhea, which has become resistant to all but one class of antibiotics used to treat it. The other two urgent threats, according to the CDC, are the bacteria Acinetobacter and Enterobacterales, both of which are resistant to a class of antibiotics widely considered a "last resort" for patients. In addition, the report adds a new bacteria to the list of "concerning" threats, which are considered less worrisome but still warrant monitoring: neisseria meningitidis, which causes meningococcal disease. The rare but life-threatening illness can be prevented through childhood vaccinations, but the bacteria that causes it is slowly developing a resistance to penicillin and another antibiotic called ciprofloxacin. The report also offers some good news: The CDC determined that the bacteria Clostridioides difficile, or "C. diff," which causes diarrhea and inflammation of the colon and can be deadly, is causing fewer cases year over year. The agency downgraded it to a serious threat, whereas it was categorized as urgent in the prior version of the report, which came out in 2019.

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Sir Arthur Conan Doyle created one of the most beloved fictional detectives of all time in Sherlock Holmes, spawning countless novels, films, TV series, and so forth featuring the sleuth. Far fewer people know about the real-life inspiration for Holmes: a renowned surgeon at Scotland's University of Edinburgh named Joseph Bell, who taught Doyle when the author was still a young medical student. Bell is the subject of a new, eminently readable biography, Sleuth-Hound: The Case of the Real Sherlock Holmes, by medical historian Lindsey Fitzharris.

A noted science communicator with a fondness for the medically macabre, Fitzharris published a biography of Scottish surgical pioneer Joseph Lister, The Butchering Art, in 2017—a great, if occasionally grisly, read. She followed up with 2022’s  The Facemaker: A Visionary Surgeon’s Battle to Mend the Disfigured Soldiers of World War I, about a WWI surgeon named Harold Gillies who rebuilt the faces of injured soldiers.

In 2020, Fitzharris hosted a documentary for the Smithsonian Channel, The Curious Life and Death Of…, exploring famous deaths, ranging from drug lord Pablo Escobar to magician Harry Houdini. Fitzharris performed virtual autopsies, experimented with blood samples, interviewed witnesses, and conducted real-time demonstrations in hopes of gleaning fresh insights. And last year she and her husband, caricaturist Adrian Teal, collaborated on an illustrated children's book, Dead Ends! Flukes, Flops, and Failures that Sparked Medical Marvels.

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— Kymeta has appointed former CIA Deputy Director Elizabeth Kimber as chief growth officer.

Kymeta, a Redmond, Wash.-based mobile satellite communications company, is working to increase sales with the Department of Defense, the intelligence community and other organizations in national security.

Kimber had a 37-year career with the CIA, departing in 2022 as the agency’s deputy director for operations. She most recently worked as a vice president with Two Six Technologies and has served on Kymeta’s board of directors for two years.

— Alaska Airlines has named Amaresh Siva as its first chief information technology officer. Siva joins from CVS Health and has held technology leadership roles for more than two decades at companies including Lowe’s, Target and GE Money.

“Technology touches nearly every part of how we run our airline and serve our guests, and Amaresh will bring our technology and digital teams together under one leader,” said Ben Minicucci, CEO of Alaska Air Group, in announcing the news.

— Vijaye Raji, founder and former CEO of Bellevue, Wash.-based Statsig and now OpenAI’s CTO of applications, has joined the board of Amplitude, a digital analytics and product intelligence company. OpenAI acquired Statsig last year, and Statsig and Amplitude announced a strategic partnership in May in which Amplitude would build on Statsig’s brand and customers.

“Statsig continues as a platform and brand within Amplitude,” Raji said. “Joining the board is an opportunity for me to help carry that mission forward as Amplitude and Statsig build their next chapter together.”

Here are four departures and arrivals for Microsoft leaders:

— Vasu Jakkal has left her role as Microsoft corporate vice president of security, compliance, identity, management and privacy after more than six years. She has joined Armadin, a Palo Alto, Calif.-based cybersecurity company, as chief strategy and business officer.

Jakkal is based in the San Francisco Bay Area and previously held executive roles at FireEye and Intel. She praised Armadin’s mission, which she described as building “autonomous security to stay ahead of attackers and build a safer world for all.”

— Microsoft VP Hans Yang is leaving. The Los Angeles-based leader, most recently focused on AI transformation, product strategy and growth, was formerly a general manager for Microsoft for Startups and Microsoft Learn.

“I think my next hill to climb is helping companies capture real ROI from AI,” Yang said, adding, “If you know a company that is struggling to get started with AI, or has invested but is not yet seeing meaningful value, I would welcome any introductions.”

— Venky Chandrasekharan is returning to Microsoft for the role of general manager of Windows commercial category and investments. He left the company in 2021 after 12 years and worked at Qualcomm and Acuity Brands in the interim.

“Having spent some of my most formative years at Microsoft, there’s definitely a sense of familiarity — but I’m coming back with new experiences, a broader perspective, and a lot of excitement for what’s ahead,” Chandrasekharan said.

— Meg O’Conor Bannecker has left Microsoft after two years leading communications for the company’s Washington state team. Past roles include communications leadership at NanoString Technologies, Bannecker Public Affairs and Pier 70 Ventures.

— Patrick Miller has been appointed as global division president of real estate company JLL’s technology sector. Miller joins from Snap, where he served as senior director of global workplace services. He previously oversaw real estate operations for Amazon’s Seattle-area headquarters for more than three years and has worked for Facebook and DTZ.

“I’ve spent my career on the client side … so I know exactly what it feels like to need a partner who shows up, tells you the truth, and solves real problems,” Miller said.

— DigniFi, a Bellevue, Wash.-based fintech company providing repair financing for autos, RVs, ATVs and other motorized vehicles, has named Jefim Piekarz as chief product officer. Piekarz joins from Arch, and his past employers include Skylab74, Welo, Octane and Etsy. Launched in 2012, DigniFi has facilitated more than $575 million in transactions for automotive merchants in the U.S.

— Seattle-based global logistics company Tideworks Technology has named two C-suite leaders:

• Mark Traynor, chief product and technology officer, joins from Lynxis. He is an entrepreneur who has worked in port, rail and terminal logistics for more than 20 years.
• Guenter Schmidmeir, chief revenue officer, joins from Avlino and has decades of maritime leadership from Germany.

— Adaptiva, a Kirkland, Wash.-based company automating software updates across computers, has named Allison Armstrong VP of product marketing. She joined from Elemica and has worked for Transmit Security, Hopin, Qualtrics, Apptio and others.

— Smarsh, a Portland, Ore.-based company providing communications data and insights, has appointed Alessandro Silva as its first chief growth officer. He joins from ACI Worldwide, and his past employers include Western Union and Carlyle Group. Silva is also a board member for Teach for America.

— Seattle-based Yoodli has named Mike Mather as chief learning advisor. The startup recently expanded from helping people practice speeches, sales pitches and job interviews to providing corporate training across wide-ranging skills. Mather is CLO for the accounting firm KPMG US and was previously a partner at EY, IBM and PwC.

“For most of my career, the hardest part of [learning and development] was the gap between training and the moment someone actually has to perform,” Mather said. “Yoodli closes that gap.”

— DigiStor, a company with offices in Austin, Texas, and Vancouver, Wash., that offers secure data storage products, has appointed Peter Bell to its board of directors. Bell co-founded StorageNetworks and serves as managing partner at Stowe Capital, among other roles.

— Seattle-area tech leader Jake Varghese has been promoted to chief product and technology officer for Dayforce, a Minneapolis company providing HR, payroll and related technology. He previously worked for companies including Microsoft, ServiceNow, Tanium and ConnectWise.

— The Association of Washington Business Institute has appointed Meagan Darrow as executive director. Darrow is also an adjunct professor at Evergreen State College and was most recently executive director of the American Diabetes Association. The AWB Institute is the nonprofit research and education affiliate of the association, a longtime organization advocating on behalf of its 8,000 members.

— Five Seattle-area physicians were appointed to the National Academy of Medicine:

• Dr. Susan Stern, professor emeritus and founding chair of UW Medicine’s Department of Emergency Medicine
• Dr. Elizabeth Swisher, professor in the Fred Hutch Clinical Research Division and UW Medicine’s Division of Gynecologic Oncology, as well as deputy director of the Fred Hutch/UW/Seattle Children’s Cancer Consortium
• Dr. Leslie Walker, chair and professor of UW Medicine’s Department of Pediatrics and chief academic officer at Seattle Children’s
• Dr. Dimitri Christakis, professor in UW Medicine’s Department of Pediatrics, pediatrician at Seattle Children’s and chief health officer with Special Olympics International
• Dr. Christopher Longhurst, CEO of Seattle Children’s and clinical professor with UW Medicine’s Department of Pediatrics

The UW Medicine Institute for Protein Design (IPD) today released a new open-source model for creating proteins with specific functions, called RFD4-Proteina. It is the first AI protein model the University of Washington has co-developed with semiconductor giant Nvidia.

The release comes on the heels of a major computing boost. Earlier this month, IPD announced it had received a large grant of computing power from Nvidia CEO Jensen Huang and his wife, Lori Huang, through their foundation. In June, the institute began accessing Nvidia graphics processing units, or GPUs, through cloud company CoreWeave. The grant is expected to support the institute for a year.

“RFD4-Proteina will open the door to new solutions in medicine, sustainability, materials and biotechnology,” David Baker, director of IPD and a 2024 Nobel laureate in chemistry, said in a statement. He earlier told GeekWire that the foundation’s grant has been “transformational” for the institute’s work.

IPD has used deep learning to develop and release a series of tools, including RoseTTAFold for predicting protein structures and RFdiffusion (RFD) for designing new proteins. The new model’s name nods to RFD and references Nvidia’s Proteina-Complexa computational models.

The team is touting RFD4-Proteina as “a considerable improvement over previous methods” that is faster and requires significantly less computational power.

The models have allowed researchers to design proteins never imagined before, with potential as drugs for challenging diseases or as tools for managing environmental waste such as toxic chemicals and plastics, among other applications. The IPD lists 11 spinout companies, including vaccine developer Icosavax and protein-design startup Archon Biosciences.

Seth Woodbury used RFD4-Proteina in his enzyme work as a , a UW bioengineering predoctoral candidate. “In just a few days we designed a pesticide-degrading enzyme that performs many fold better than my previous best, which took months to design,” he said. Woodbury last year published a paper in Nature on enzyme research.

At IPD, the RFD4-Proteina work was led by UW doctoral students Nathaniel Corley, Maxwell Kazman and Rafi Brent, along with Kieran Didi, a visiting student from the University of Oxford.

RFD4-Proteina is available through Berkeley Software Distribution. 

Ukraine’s unprecedented drone rescue of a wounded soldier from the battlefield has shown once again how battlefield necessity can spur innovation. The operation was revealed just days after separate Ukrainian drones designed for casualty evacuation were deployed for frontline testing—taking a step beyond the US military’s decades of experimentation with similar concepts.

The drone evacuation of the injured soldier took place at an undisclosed time and place on the frontline where the presence of Russian drones and landmines made it impractical to send in a wheeled ground robot, according to The Kyiv Independent. On October 19, Ukraine’s Army shared a video of the drone evacuation, showing the wounded soldier securing himself in a harness suspended beneath a heavy hexacopter drone with six rotors before being flown to safety.

“This is a historic event, the next stage of evacuating the wounded, which we will all come to,” said Napalm, a programmer of the 92nd separate assault brigade's unmanned ground systems company, who went by his callsign per Ukrainian military practice, in a statement. “Now the serious systematic work begins, so that such missions are carried out constantly.”

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An anonymous reader quotes a report from Scientific American: Microplastics are a source of extreme concern for health: the presence of these tiny pieces of plastic has been linked to heart attacks, stroke, dementia and brain tumors. But what drives these associations is unclear. Now a study published in Nature offers a tantalizing clue: microplastics interact with water, generating highly reactive molecules. When microplastics come into contact with water, the water near their surface can become chemically active, generating highly reactive species that can modify nearby substances, including biologically important molecules. As plastics wear down to microscopic sizes, their surface-to-volume ratio increases dramatically. For example, when a credit card is fragmented into particles some 10 microns in diameter, there is a more than 200-fold increase in its surface area, says Wei Min, a chemist at Columbia University and one of the senior authors of the study. As a result, any chemical activity is amplified. Min and his colleagues examined various microplastics -- including polystyrene, polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, polypropylene and polyethylene terephthalate. Plastic surfaces are hydrophobic, meaning they repel water, Min says. Thus, water molecules cannot form the hydrogen bonds they maintain in liquid form. That changes molecular arrangements, and, in turn, the change influences the local electrical environment and chemical reactivity. The presumed chemical inertness of bulk plastics overlooks the toxicity of their fragmented microscale forms. "For microplastics, this is especially important because fragmentation creates enormous amounts of new surface area," Min says. In past research, microplastics have been shown to cause inflammation, oxidative stress and decreased mitochondrial activity. The new study provides a possible mechanism for this, showing that plastic-water interfaces can perturb proteins, cell membranes, and more. How this might contribute to damage in living tissues in humans is still unclear, Min says. "Ultimately, we hope to connect fundamental interfacial chemistry with quantitative measurements of biological effects, which would help us better understand potential health risks," he adds.

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Researchers at UW Medicine’s Institute for Protein Design (IPD) have created new proteins that act like molecular scissors, chopping up targets associated with Alzheimer’s disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, also known as ALS or Lou Gehrig’s disease.

The University of Washington scientists are using sophisticated AI models developed at IPD to design proteins called proteases — a class of enzymes that cut specific proteins at specific locations in their structure. The proteases can make those cuts over and over again.

“You have this catalytic capability to destroy one target, and then immediately your molecule can hop over to the second, third and thousands of different targets,” said Anqi Chen, a postdoctoral fellow at the institute.

Many pharmaceuticals bind to a single target, inactivate it and stay there. That approach requires high doses of medicine to have an effect on disease. These enzymatic proteins, by contrast, have an amplified impact.

“There’s this potential to use your drug at very, very low concentrations,” Chen said.

The researchers have made proteases that attack proteins associated with neurodegenerative disease and are now working on targets for malaria, chronic diseases and cancer. They also could make proteins to defang viruses or bacterial toxins.

“There’s super exciting applications,” said David Baker, director of IPD and a 2024 Nobel laureate in chemistry.

Baker is the senior author of two papers describing this work that were published today in the journal Nature. Chen and Kejia Wu are the first authors of one paper, and Hojae Choi, an IPD graduate student, is the first author of the other.

Baker said the research is significant because of how well the enzymes work and the range of potential applications, which beyond medicine include breaking down hazardous pollutants and plastic waste.

Chen and her colleagues designed proteases that use a metal ion, rather than an amino acid, as the cutting blade. More than one-third of the new proteases that they created precisely cut their target, a protein implicated in Alzheimer’s disease, and did so 100 million times faster than cuts made without the enzymes.

The work by Choi and his colleagues used an activated amino acid called cysteine as the blade. The proteins designed by the scientists had a 19% success rate in cutting their targets and were up to 30 million times faster than uncatalyzed reactions.

Much work remains before these newly designed proteins can become drugs for humans. One challenge is ensuring that the proteases don’t trigger a response in which a patient’s immune system attacks the therapeutic before it has a beneficial effect. Another potential hurdle is turning the enzymes off and on to modulate their impact as needed.

Choi is studying that immune system issue, called immunogenicity. He’s working to combine the catalytic, cutting component of the enzyme with a benign-appearing antibody that won’t alert the immune system — sort of a protease wolf in antibody clothing.

“It is a newly launched project, so we don’t have any official data to show to public,” Choi said. “But we’re really working on it.”

The Nature publications are titled: “Computational design of metalloproteases” and “De novo design of cysteine proteases”

Other institutions contributing to the research are: University of Oxford, NVIDIA, University of Cambridge, Imperial College London, Universitat Ramon Llull, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Zhejiang University, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, ETH Zurich, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Stanford University and Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology.

The UW Medicine Institute for Protein Design (IPD) has announced a giant grant of computing power from the Jen-Hsun and Lori Huang Foundation, supercharging its research into new protein discovery.

“We have made more rapid progress on methods development than any time in my career,” said David Baker, director of the IPD and a 2024 Nobel laureate in chemistry. “I mean, it’s just been totally mind-boggling.”

In June, the IPD began accessing Nvidia graphics processing units, or GPUs, through the cloud computing company CoreWeave. The grant from the foundation, which was co-founded by Nvidia CEO Jensen Huang and his wife, Lori Huang, totals nearly 7 million GPU hours. The allocation is expected to support the institute for a year.

The IPD’s work has long been rooted in computation. In 2003, Baker and fellow University of Washington researchers used their Rosetta software to design a protein with a structure unlike any known in nature. In recent years, the institute has embraced deep learning, releasing tools such as RoseTTAFold for predicting protein structures and RFdiffusion for designing new proteins.

With this technology, the institute designs previously unimagined proteins with potential for treating intractable diseases and tackling environmental challenges such as plastic waste and toxic pollutants. The tools are open source and available for public use.

Running them takes vast computing power, though, and until now the institute has lacked the resources to pay for outside cloud services. It has relied instead on its own computer cluster, which works but is limited. Baker said IPD scientists meet every Tuesday at 5 p.m. to decide what to test over the coming week, keeping capacity in mind.

To advance their protein research, the team experiments with different architectures for the AI models and tweaks the datasets used for training, sometimes expanding them or adding synthetic data. With compute restrictions, however, researchers historically have made multiple changes at once rather than testing each alteration individually, a more systematic approach that yields cleaner results.

Despite the hurdles, the IPD has produced a steady stream of breakthroughs with its models and protein designs, publishing regularly in leading scientific journals such as Nature and Science.

Google DeepMind is pursuing similar AI-driven protein research. Baker said he knew the tech giant’s team had much more computing power than the IPD, but he didn’t fully appreciate what that could unlock.

That capacity “spawns more ideas because you know you can test them,” Baker said. “So it just creates this incredibly fertile, creative environment.”

Jensen Huang, the foundation’s co-president, said in a statement that the extra computing power allows the UW researchers to train AI “on tens of millions of molecular structures, learning from virtual experiments, and finding novel protein designs that have eluded nature.”

Huang predicted that many of the most important future medicines “will come from proteins that have never existed.”

Baker said the IPD still holds its Tuesday meetings, but the new compute capabilities — which he called “transformational” — open up more options.

“The team is iterating fast,” Baker said. “We get feedback on all these different computational architecture explorations, and there’s just so many different things you can try.”