TL;DR: Glassnode’s October 21 report identifies an overhead Bitcoin supply zone around $85,000–$87,500 after bids returned near $80,000. Its levels describe a market structure, not a guaranteed price path.

Bitcoin’s rebound has brought it back toward a cluster of holders, sell orders and leveraged positions that could make the next leg harder to sustain.

In its latest Week Onchain report, Glassnode places that area at roughly $85,000 to $87,500. The research follows Bitcoin’s October 15 dip toward $80,000 and the subsequent return of bids around that level.

Several Measures Point To The Same Area

Glassnode estimates the cost basis of coins held for six to 12 months at about $86,700. It also identifies sell-side order-book liquidity and modeled liquidation concentrations near the upper part of the trading range.

Below price, the report puts the True Market Mean near $77,600 and the average acquisition cost of the corporate treasuries it tracks at approximately $80,200. These are estimates produced under Glassnode’s methodology, rather than universal break-even prices for all investors.

The overlap is more interesting than any individual line. Holders approaching their acquisition price may become more willing to sell. Resting offers can absorb aggressive buyers. Leveraged positions, meanwhile, can amplify a move once their collateral becomes insufficient.

Those mechanisms do not necessarily work in the same direction. A concentration of short liquidations above the market could accelerate a rise, even while nearby spot selling slows it. Treating every colored band on a chart as resistance would miss that distinction.

An Order Book Can Change Before Price Arrives

Visible orders can be withdrawn. Cost-basis estimates depend on how coins and entities are classified. Liquidation maps model positions rather than expose a complete inventory of every trader’s leverage.

The report is therefore most useful as a map of competing incentives. A sustained move through the identified zone would carry a different message from a brief spike that immediately reverses, but neither outcome is settled by the map itself.

The article’s levels belong to the October 21 research snapshot. They should not be read as a live quotation or a claim that Bitcoin was trading at a particular price when this report was prepared.

Related Reading

• Bitcoin Recovery Lacks One Key Ingredient, Glassnode Warns
• Bitcoin Futures Open Interest Slips To $7.68 Billion As Traders Keep Funding Positive
• MSCI Tightens Index Rules As Strategy And Other Bitcoin Treasury Firms Face Fresh Scrutiny

This article was written by the News Desk and edited by Samuel Rae.

Completed another Hack The Box machine: Reactor, an Easy-difficulty Linux challenge.

The initial foothold came from enumerating the Next.js application running on port 3000. Version fingerprinting identified a vulnerable React canary release associated with CVE-2025-55182 (React2Shell). Further testing confirmed remote code execution through the React Server Components functionality, providing access as the node user.

From the application environment, the SQLite database exposed credentials for the engineer account. After recovering the password from the stored MD5 hash, SSH access provided the user-level foothold.

For privilege escalation, process enumeration revealed a root-owned Node.js service with the inspector exposed on localhost. The Node inspector provided a path to execute code within the root process and modify /bin/bash permissions, ultimately leading to a root shell.

I also explored an alternative approach using SSH local port forwarding and Chrome DevTools to access the remote Node inspector.

Another useful HTB machine for practicing web enumeration, version fingerprinting, application-layer exploitation, Linux enumeration, and Node.js debugging interfaces.

#HackTheBox #HTB #CyberSecurity #PenetrationTesting #RedTeam #OffensiveSecurity #WebSecurity #Linux #NextJS #React #NodeJS #CVE #PrivilegeEscalation #CTF #CyberSecurityLearning …

Learn MoreHack The Box: Reactor Machine Walkthrough – Easy Difficulty

The post Hack The Box: Reactor Machine Walkthrough – Easy Difficulty appeared first on Threatninja.net.

TL;DR

• Optimism has released op-supernode v1.0.3 as an optional operator update.
• The release tightens validation around hardfork activation times and rejects invalid post-genesis fork ordering in custom rollup configs.
• Existing chains in the Superchain registry are not affected by the configuration issue described in the release notes.

Optimism’s latest supernode release is a small update with a very specific purpose: stop bad hardfork schedules from being loaded in the first place.

op-supernode v1.0.3 was published October 1 as an optional release for operators. It adds stricter validation of hardfork activation times in virtual-node rollup configurations.

There is no new indexing engine, state-sync overhaul or memory-leak fix in the official notes. The change is about configuration correctness.

Two post-genesis forks cannot share the same activation time

Under the new checks, op-supernode refuses to load a virtual node configuration that activates two hardforks at the same timestamp after genesis.

The rule applies from Jovian onward, and every later fork is checked for correct ordering. Forks that activate at or before genesis can still share a timestamp.

Optimism says chains already present in the Superchain registry are unaffected. The risk sits with custom rollup configurations that encode an invalid sequence.

That is a sensible place for software to fail loudly. An operator would rather discover a bad upgrade schedule when the node starts than after several components begin interpreting the chain differently.

Bitcoinist has covered the growing complexity behind the Superchain through interoperability testing on Sepolia and the governance work around Super Root dispute games.

More chains mean more configuration risk

The OP Stack’s success creates an operational challenge.

When one codebase supports many independent chains, teams can customise parameters, upgrade timing and infrastructure. That flexibility is valuable, but every extra configuration surface is another place for human error.

Stricter startup validation is one of the simplest ways to contain that risk.

The same philosophy appears elsewhere in the stack. Recent op-batcher upgrades have tightened compatibility with upcoming Ethereum changes, while op-node releases are also validating hardfork ordering more aggressively.

Optional does not mean irrelevant

The release is optional because existing registered chains are not affected.

For teams running custom configurations, however, the new checks can expose mistakes that previously passed silently. Those operators need to correct invalid schedules before upgrading.

For everyone else, v1.0.3 is a good example of what mature blockchain infrastructure increasingly looks like: fewer dramatic hard forks, more guardrails designed to stop small configuration errors from becoming chain-level incidents.

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This article was written by the News Desk and edited by Samuel Rae.

TL;DR

• Optimism has released op-node v1.19.8 and recommends it particularly for sequencer operators using `–l2.follow.source`.
• The release fixes recurring slow block builds around L1-origin transitions and strengthens validation of hardfork activation ordering.
• Sepolia OP Stack operators must be on op-node v1.19.5 or later before the October 6 Glamsterdam hardfork.

Optimism has shipped a focused op-node update aimed at keeping sequencers fast and configuration mistakes from turning into upgrade problems.

Version 1.19.8 was released October 1 and is recommended particularly for sequencer operators running with `–l2.follow.source`.

This is not a user-facing OP token event. It is the kind of infrastructure release that matters precisely because most users should never notice it.

The release targets slow blocks at L1-origin transitions

Optimism says sequencers will now prefetch each new L1 head’s block and receipts as soon as the head is observed.

Previously, operators using the follow-source configuration could hit recurring slow block builds when the L1 origin changed and the required data had not already been fetched through local derivation.

The new behavior moves that work earlier. If the prefetch fails, op-node logs a warning and falls back to the normal fetch path.

That is a narrow change with an obvious operational benefit: fewer avoidable delays in the component responsible for ordering Layer 2 transactions.

The wider OP Stack maintenance cycle already includes the recent required op-batcher v1.17.0 release and the rollout of Superchain interoperability on Sepolia.

Hardfork configs get stricter checks

The second major change is defensive.

op-node now refuses to start when a custom rollup configuration activates Jovian or a later hardfork at the same post-genesis timestamp as the preceding fork, or when later forks are scheduled out of order.

Optimism says chains already included in the Superchain registry are not affected. The checks matter mainly for custom configurations that could otherwise encode an invalid upgrade sequence.

That becomes more relevant as the OP Stack accumulates more named network upgrades and more independent chains use the software.

Bitcoinist has also covered Upgrade Proposal 20 and Super Root dispute games, part of the same trend toward a more complex multi-chain fault-proof environment.

Sepolia operators have a deadline

The release notes also warn operators on Sepolia OP Stack chains that they must run op-node v1.19.5 or newer before the Glamsterdam hardfork on October 6.

That requirement is separate from whether every operator needs v1.19.8 specifically.

For ordinary users, there is no wallet migration or action to take. For sequencer and node teams, the release is another reminder that Layer 2 reliability depends on keeping a growing stack of infrastructure components aligned with Ethereum and with each other.

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This article was written by the News Desk and edited by Samuel Rae.