Bitwise has filed an amended S-1 registration statement for its spot Ethereum ETF, adding language around staking mechanics, validator operations, slashing risk, and staking-yield accounting.
The filing is significant because staking remains one of the biggest unresolved questions around spot Ethereum ETFs. ETH is not just a passive asset. It secures a proof-of-stake network, and holders can earn rewards by participating in validation.
ETF staking would change the product conversation.
But the caveat is just as important: the SEC has not approved staking inside spot Ethereum ETFs. Bitwise’s filing is a proposal, not a green light.
For more details, visit the official Sec platform.
TL;DR
Bitwise filed an amended spot Ethereum ETF S-1.
The amendment includes staking mechanics and validator-risk disclosures.
The SEC has not approved staking for spot ETH ETFs.
Why Staking Is Such A Big Issue
Ethereum staking is central to ETH’s investment case.
When ETH is staked, it helps secure the network and can earn protocol rewards. For direct ETH holders, staking is one reason the asset can look different from Bitcoin. It has a yield-like component tied to network participation.
Spot Ethereum ETFs complicate that.
If an ETF holds ETH but cannot stake it, investors may receive price exposure without the potential staking rewards. If an ETF can stake, the fund may become more attractive, but it also introduces new operational and regulatory questions.
That is the tension.
Slashing Risk Has To Be Disclosed
Staking is not risk-free.
Validators can be penalized for certain failures or misconduct, a process known as slashing. There are also risks around downtime, validator concentration, custodian operations, smart contract exposure, and reward variability.
An ETF structure would need to explain those risks clearly.
Bitwise’s amended filing adds detail around custodian staking operations and slashing protection. That matters because regulators and investors need to understand how ETH would be staked, who operates validators, how rewards are treated, and what happens if something goes wrong.
The SEC Question Remains Open
This is not an approval.
A filing amendment shows what Bitwise wants to include and how it proposes to disclose the mechanics. The SEC still has to decide whether staking can be part of a spot Ethereum ETF structure under its review standards.
That uncertainty is the story.
Issuers may want staking because it makes ETH products more complete. Regulators may want more comfort around custody, investor protection, securities-law implications, and operational risk before allowing it.
Why Investors Care
ETF investors care because staking can affect returns.
A non-staking ETH ETF may underperform direct staked ETH over time, depending on fees and reward rates. That could make the ETF less attractive to sophisticated investors who can access staking elsewhere.
On the other hand, a staking-enabled ETF could bring new complexity.
Some investors may prefer a simpler product that tracks ETH without validator exposure. Others may want the fund to capture as much of ETH’s economic profile as possible.
The Market Signal
Bitwise’s amendment keeps the staking debate alive.
Ethereum ETF products are still evolving, and issuers are testing how far the structure can go. Staking is the next big frontier because it touches the heart of what ETH is.
The market should not treat the filing as approval.
But it should recognize that issuers are still pushing for Ethereum ETFs to become more than passive spot exposure. If the SEC eventually allows staking, the ETH ETF market could look very different.
This article draws on Bitwise’s amended S-1 filing for its spot Ethereum ETF.
This article was written by the News Desk and edited by Samuel Rae.
This report is based on information released by Sec. at Sec
Teddy Fusaro leads Bitwise after building extensive derivatives, trading, portfolio management, and ETF expertise across several major financial institutions.
He joined Bitwise as chief operating officer in 2018 before becoming president in 2021, overseeing strategy, products, and institutional expansion.
Fusaro’s net worth remains undisclosed, although his executive compensation and potential Bitwise ownership could represent significant sources of personal wealth.
Paul “Teddy” Fusaro is an American financial executive best known as the president of Bitwise Asset Management, a cryptocurrency-focused investment firm offering exchange-traded funds, private funds, separately managed accounts, staking products and other investment strategies.
Before entering digital asset management, Fusaro spent more than a decade working across derivatives, portfolio management, ETF implementation, trading and fund operations. His experience at Goldman Sachs, Direxion, IndexIQ and New York Life prepared him to connect cryptocurrency markets with traditional investment structures.
Fusaro joined Bitwise as chief operating officer in April 2018 and became president in January 2021. He has since helped the company expand its institutional platform and deliver regulated cryptocurrency investment products to professional investors.
Public information regarding Fusaro’s birthplace, childhood, parents and family remains limited because he has maintained considerable privacy around his personal background.
Fusaro attended Providence College, a private institution in Rhode Island, and graduated with a Bachelor of Arts in Political Science and Philosophy. Although these subjects were not directly focused on investment management, they provided training in analytical reasoning, institutions, policy and complex decision-making.
After completing his studies in 2007, Fusaro entered the financial industry through Goldman Sachs. His career subsequently developed around sophisticated investment instruments and the operational systems supporting publicly traded funds.
Beginning His Career at Goldman Sachs
Fusaro joined Goldman Sachs in 2007 as an analyst working with equity derivatives and credit derivatives. His responsibilities involved numerous complex financial instruments used by corporate and institutional clients.
His equity derivatives experience covered total-return equity and index swaps, synthetic products, structured products and instruments linked to stock and index volatility. He also worked with variance products designed to provide exposure to changes in market volatility.
On the credit side, Fusaro gained experience with credit default swaps, collateralized debt obligations, credit total-return swaps, credit spread forwards and options connected with credit default swaps.
These products require a detailed understanding of counterparty exposure, collateral, liquidity, pricing and risk management. The position therefore gave Fusaro a strong foundation in institutional derivatives before he moved into portfolio management.
His two years at Goldman Sachs also exposed him to the financial market disruption surrounding the 2008 global financial crisis, when derivatives, credit risk and institutional trading practices faced intense examination.
Managing Alternative Funds at Direxion
Fusaro joined Direxion in 2009 and became vice president, portfolio manager and co-head of trading at the alternative investment manager. He managed a team of portfolio managers, operations professionals, and index traders as Direxion expanded into an approximately $10 billion asset manager. The position combined leadership responsibilities with direct involvement in portfolio implementation and trading.
Fusaro traded equities, total-return swaps, equity index futures, Treasury securities, currency and commodity futures, stock baskets and high-yield credit derivative swaps. He managed several types of investment vehicles, including leveraged ETFs, equity ETFs, leveraged index mutual funds, high-yield funds, commodities funds, managed futures funds and sub-advised mutual funds.
Leveraged funds required daily rebalancing to maintain their targeted exposure. Fusaro’s responsibilities included managing that process, investing new asset flows, monitoring collateral and cash balances, and executing orders from outside fund managers.
He also created processes with custodian and dealer banks to support investment products carrying nonstandard operational requirements. This experience strengthened his knowledge of the infrastructure connecting fund sponsors, counterparties, custodians and public markets.
Leading Portfolio Management at IndexIQ
Fusaro moved to IndexIQ in 2013, becoming senior vice president and head of portfolio management, capital markets and trading. IndexIQ was an alternative investment adviser and ETF issuer managing approximately $4 billion. Fusaro became responsible for the complete ETF implementation cycle, including portfolio management, trading, operations, liquidity consultation and execution strategies.
He led teams that created and implemented quantitative, equity and alternative strategies through transparent, publicly listed investment vehicles. The products under his supervision included alternative strategy ETFs and mutual funds, international equity ETFs, institutional separate accounts and currency-hedged ETFs.
Fusaro’s role also required knowledge of index-based portfolio construction, derivatives implementation, market structure and the liquidity systems supporting exchange-traded products. Rather than concentrating entirely on portfolio selection, his responsibilities extended across the operational life of each fund, from product development and implementation to trading and investor liquidity.
Joining New York Life and MainStay Investments
New York Life acquired IndexIQ in 2015, integrating the specialist ETF issuer into its broader investment management organization. Fusaro became a senior vice president at New York Life and MainStay Investments while retaining important responsibilities within IndexIQ. He served as a key member of the leadership team managing the integration of IndexIQ into New York Life Investment Management, which oversaw approximately $530 billion at the time.
From April 2015 until April 2018, Fusaro remained responsible for ETF portfolio management, trading, operations, and client liquidity strategies. The position expanded his experience beyond a specialized investment firm by placing him inside a large and established asset management organization.
It also gave him direct knowledge of how acquired investment businesses can be integrated with broader compliance, operational, and distribution systems. Fusaro’s work at New York Life strengthened the combination of product expertise and organizational leadership that he later brought to Bitwise.
Becoming Bitwise’s Chief Operating Officer
Fusaro joined Bitwise Asset Management as chief operating officer in April 2018. The company was developing cryptocurrency investment products designed to provide sophisticated investors with familiar and professionally managed access to digital assets.
As COO, Fusaro oversaw business execution and strategy, platform integration, fund management, fund administration, and investor services. His responsibilities positioned him at the center of Bitwise’s operations as the company developed research, investor education, and institutional digital asset products.
Cryptocurrency investment products presented several challenges that differed from traditional funds. Digital assets trade continuously, depend on specialized custody arrangements, and operate across markets with different liquidity and regulatory structures.
Fusaro’s experience implementing alternative ETFs helped Bitwise address those issues through portfolio controls, operational processes, and traditional investment structures. His background was especially valuable as Bitwise pursued cryptocurrency exchange-traded products that required coordination among exchanges, regulators, custodians, authorized participants and market makers.
Becoming President of Bitwise
Bitwise promoted Fusaro to president in January 2021 following nearly three years as the company’s chief operating officer. As president, Fusaro helps oversee the firm’s business execution, strategic development, and expanding investment platform. His leadership supports Bitwise’s effort to bring cryptocurrency exposure to investors through regulated and familiar products.
The company has developed offerings covering Bitcoin, Ethereum, Solana and other digital assets alongside diversified index funds, thematic equity strategies, separately managed accounts, private funds and staking services.
Bitwise achieved an important milestone when American regulators approved spot Bitcoin ETFs in January 2024. The Bitwise Bitcoin ETF provided investors with Bitcoin exposure through traditional brokerage accounts without requiring them to purchase or secure the cryptocurrency directly.
Fusaro’s earlier work with complex ETFs positioned him to help manage the operational demands accompanying these products, including liquidity, custody, portfolio administration, trading and regulatory reporting.
Supporting Institutional and Global Expansion
Bitwise has developed from an early-stage cryptocurrency company into a global asset manager serving financial advisers, family offices, wealth managers and institutional investors. The firm manages billions of dollars across a broad collection of investment products and has established operations in San Francisco, New York and London.
Its European expansion, supported by the acquisition of ETC Group, extended Bitwise’s reach beyond the United States and added exchange-traded cryptocurrency products listed across European markets.
Fusaro has also represented Bitwise in regulatory and policy discussions. He testified before a United States House Financial Services subcommittee in September 2024, explaining the importance of regulated digital asset products and clearer cryptocurrency rules. His public role reflects the broader responsibilities of a financial executive working between traditional securities regulation and an emerging asset class.
Teddy Fusaro’s Net Worth
Teddy Fusaro’s exact net worth remains undisclosed because no authoritative public record details his compensation, investments, property, liabilities, or ownership percentage in Bitwise.
His executive positions at Goldman Sachs, Direxion, IndexIQ, New York Life, and Bitwise have likely provided considerable professional income throughout his career.
Fusaro may also own equity or other financial interests in privately held Bitwise Asset Management. However, the company has not publicly disclosed enough information to determine the size or value of his potential holdings.
Bitwise’s assets under management should not be treated as Fusaro’s personal wealth. Those assets belong to investors using the company’s funds and investment products, while Bitwise earns fees for managing them.
Consequently, any website presenting a precise net worth figure without verifiable financial documentation would be offering speculation rather than an established valuation.
Conclusion
Teddy Fusaro has built his career by combining derivatives trading, portfolio management, fund operations, and executive leadership. After graduating from Providence College with a Bachelor of Arts in Political Science and Philosophy, he entered Goldman Sachs as an equity and credit derivatives analyst.
He later managed complex investment products at Direxion before leading portfolio management, trading, and capital markets at IndexIQ. Following New York Life’s acquisition of IndexIQ, Fusaro helped integrate the business into a much larger investment organization.
Fusaro joined Bitwise as chief operating officer in 2018 and became president in 2021, applying his traditional ETF experience to cryptocurrency asset management. Although his personal net worth remains private, his leadership at Bitwise has placed him among the prominent executives building regulated connections between digital assets and traditional finance.
FAQs
1. Who is Teddy Fusaro? Paul “Teddy” Fusaro is the president of Bitwise Asset Management, a global investment firm specializing in cryptocurrency and digital asset products.
2. Where did Teddy Fusaro study? Fusaro attended Providence College, where he earned a Bachelor of Arts in Political Science and Philosophy.
3. Where did Teddy Fusaro begin his career? He began his professional career at Goldman Sachs in 2007 as an analyst specializing in equity derivatives and credit derivatives.
4. Where did Teddy Fusaro work before Bitwise? Fusaro worked at Goldman Sachs, Direxion, IndexIQ, and New York Life and MainStay Investments before joining Bitwise.
5. When did Teddy Fusaro become Bitwise president? Bitwise promoted Fusaro from chief operating officer to president in January 2021.
6. What is Teddy Fusaro’s net worth? His net worth remains undisclosed because reliable information regarding his compensation, company ownership, investments, and liabilities is unavailable.
US spot Bitcoin and Ethereum ETFs recorded a combined $492 million in net inflows for the August 21 session, extending a positive flow streak across both crypto ETF cohorts.
Farside Investors data showed spot Bitcoin ETFs adding $307 million, led by BlackRock’s IBIT with $239.3 million. Spot Ethereum ETFs brought in another $185 million, led by BlackRock’s ETHA with $151 million.
The August 21 session marked the fifth consecutive positive trading day for both groups, according to the flow data. Weekly inflows reached $1.92 billion for Bitcoin ETFs and $697 million for Ethereum ETFs.
That is a strong regulated-demand signal.
But the numbers should be read carefully: these are daily and weekly net-flow figures, not cumulative assets under management.
TL;DR
Spot Bitcoin ETFs recorded $307 million in net inflows on August 21.
Spot Ethereum ETFs added $185 million.
Combined inflows reached $492 million, extending a five-day positive streak.
ETF Flows Keep Supporting The Rally
ETF demand has become one of the cleanest ways to track regulated crypto appetite.
When spot Bitcoin ETFs take in hundreds of millions of dollars in a session, it suggests traditional-market investors are adding exposure through familiar brokerage channels. When Ethereum ETFs also attract capital, the signal broadens beyond BTC alone.
That is what happened on August 21.
Bitcoin led the day, but Ethereum’s $185 million inflow was large enough to show that investors were not limiting themselves to the simplest crypto allocation.
The market likes that combination.
BlackRock Still Dominates Both Categories
BlackRock led both ETF groups.
IBIT brought in $239.3 million for spot Bitcoin ETFs, while ETHA led Ethereum products with $151 million. That reinforces BlackRock’s role as the dominant institutional gateway in the crypto ETF market.
This matters because scale attracts more scale.
Large funds tend to offer deeper liquidity, tighter spreads, more investor confidence, and stronger distribution. Once a product becomes the default vehicle, it can keep pulling in flows even as competitors fight for attention.
That dynamic is now visible in both Bitcoin and Ethereum ETFs.
The Five-Day Streak Is Important
One strong day can be noise.
Five consecutive positive sessions across both Bitcoin and Ethereum ETFs is harder to dismiss. It suggests investors were adding exposure consistently rather than making a one-off allocation.
That can help strengthen the market’s foundation.
A rally driven only by short liquidations can fade. A rally supported by multiple sessions of ETF inflows has a stronger demand backdrop.
Still, flow streaks can end quickly. Investors should not assume the next week will automatically look the same.
Daily And Weekly Figures Need Precision
The $492 million figure is the combined net inflow for one session.
The $1.92 billion Bitcoin figure and $697 million Ethereum figure are weekly inflow totals. None of these numbers should be confused with cumulative assets under management or lifetime ETF flows.
This distinction matters because ETF headlines often blur timeframes.
Daily flows show immediate demand. Weekly flows show momentum across several sessions. Cumulative assets show longer-term product scale.
Each tells a different story.
What To Watch Next
The next test is whether inflows continue as price volatility returns.
If Bitcoin and Ethereum ETFs keep taking in capital during pullbacks, that would suggest more durable institutional demand. If flows reverse quickly, the current streak may look like a momentum-driven allocation window.
Traders will also watch whether Ethereum continues to keep pace with Bitcoin.
BTC remains the larger institutional product, but ETH’s participation matters for the broader market. Strong ETH flows can support DeFi, staking, tokenization, and smart-contract narratives.
For now, the ETF data remains constructive.
Bitcoin and Ethereum funds are both pulling in capital, and the latest combined session adds another layer of support to the market’s risk-on move.
Aave’s debt profile is drawing attention after a risk assessment found that fewer than 9% of loan positions account for roughly half of the protocol’s total outstanding debt.
The concentration is largely tied to E-mode users running leveraged positions involving WETH borrows backed by liquid-staking wrappers, according to the validated source trail. Ethereum’s sharp intraday volatility brought that structure back into focus because correlated staking-loop trades can become vulnerable when market conditions move quickly.
That does not mean Aave is insolvent.
It also does not mean a liquidation cascade has already happened. The concern is more specific: debt concentration and correlation risk can make parts of a lending protocol more sensitive to sharp ETH moves.
TL;DR
Fewer than 9% of Aave loan positions account for about half of total outstanding debt.
The risk is tied largely to leveraged ETH and liquid-staking positions.
This is a concentration-risk story, not evidence that Aave is failing.
Why Concentration Matters
DeFi lending protocols can look diversified at the headline level.
They may have many users, many collateral assets, and billions in supplied liquidity. But risk can still be concentrated if a small group of positions accounts for a large share of debt.
That matters during volatility.
If large positions rely on similar collateral and similar strategies, they may all become stressed at the same time. In Aave’s case, the concern centers on correlated ETH and liquid-staking exposure.
Liquid-staking wrappers are useful, but they are still tied to the same broad ETH ecosystem.
When correlations tighten, diversification can disappear.
E-Mode Creates Efficiency And Risk
Aave’s E-mode is designed for correlated assets.
It lets users borrow more efficiently when collateral and borrowed assets are expected to move together. That can be useful for strategies involving ETH, staked ETH, wrapped ETH, and other closely related assets.
But efficiency cuts both ways.
Higher borrowing power can increase leverage. If the assumed correlation weakens, or if liquidity deteriorates during stress, positions can move toward liquidation more quickly than users expect.
That is why E-mode positions deserve close monitoring.
They can be efficient in normal markets and fragile in abnormal ones.
Ethereum Volatility Tests The Structure
Ethereum’s sharp move exposed why these trades matter.
When ETH moves quickly, leveraged staking-loop positions can become more sensitive to price, oracle, liquidity, and collateral dynamics. A rally may not trigger the same stress as a crash, but volatility itself can reveal how concentrated the system is.
The bigger concern would come from a fast downside move.
If collateral values fall, liquidations may need to happen quickly. If many positions use similar collateral, selling pressure or liquidity strain can become more pronounced.
That is the kind of scenario risk teams watch.
Aave Is Not The Same As A Bank
It is important not to import the wrong language.
Aave is a decentralized lending protocol, not a bank with deposits, balance-sheet equity, and traditional insolvency rules. Its risk is managed through collateral, liquidation parameters, oracles, governance, and market liquidity.
That does not make it risk-free.
It simply means the risk mechanics are different.
The concentration data is important because DeFi protocols depend on market incentives working under stress. When debt is concentrated, stress events can become more nonlinear.
What Comes Next
The next question is whether Aave governance or risk managers adjust parameters.
They may review collateral factors, liquidation thresholds, E-mode settings, supply caps, borrow caps, or oracle assumptions. Any changes would need to balance user demand with protocol safety.
Aave remains one of DeFi’s most important lending markets.
That is why concentration risk matters. Problems in a major lending protocol can affect liquidity across the wider Ethereum ecosystem.
For now, the signal is not panic. It is caution.
Aave’s growth and sophistication have created powerful lending markets, but concentrated ETH-linked leverage is still a risk worth watching.
The SEC has opened a public comment period on Cboe BZX Exchange’s proposal to list six daily 3x leveraged Bitcoin and Ethereum futures ETFs.
The proposal, filed under SR-CboeBZX-2026-065, would cover commodity-pool products sponsored by Volatility Shares. The funds would seek three times the daily performance of front-month and next-month CME Bitcoin and Ethereum futures contracts, using daily reset mechanics.
That is a very different product from a spot ETF.
A 3x leveraged futures ETF is built for short-term tactical exposure. It is not a simple buy-and-hold wrapper for Bitcoin or Ethereum, and its daily reset structure can create performance drift over time.
The SEC’s move opens the proposal for public comments. It does not mean the products have been approved.
TL;DR
The SEC opened comments on Cboe’s proposal for 3x leveraged BTC and ETH futures ETFs.
The proposed products would be sponsored by Volatility Shares.
The filing is under review and has not been approved.
Why Leveraged Crypto ETFs Matter
Leveraged ETFs are popular because they give traders amplified exposure without directly using margin or futures accounts.
In crypto, that can be especially attractive because Bitcoin and Ethereum already move sharply. A 3x daily product would magnify those moves, creating potential for larger gains and larger losses in a traditional brokerage format.
Leveraged products can be misunderstood by retail investors. They are designed to track daily performance, not long-term cumulative returns. Over multiple sessions, compounding and volatility can cause results to diverge from what investors might expect.
That risk becomes more important when the underlying asset is already volatile.
Futures, Not Spot
The proposal concerns futures-based products, not spot Bitcoin or spot Ethereum ETFs.
That distinction matters because the funds would use CME futures exposure rather than directly holding BTC or ETH. Futures-based exposure can behave differently from spot assets because of roll costs, margin, contract structure, and futures-market dynamics.
Investors may see “Bitcoin ETF” or “Ethereum ETF” and assume direct asset exposure.
That would be inaccurate.
These would be leveraged futures products tied to daily movements in futures contracts.
The Comment Period Is Only One Step
A public comment period gives market participants, investors, issuers, competitors, and other stakeholders a chance to respond to the SEC.
Comments may address investor protection, market manipulation, disclosure, suitability, volatility, liquidity, and exchange-listing standards.
The SEC can approve, reject, delay, or request changes.
So the current development is procedural but important. It shows the proposal is formally in the review pipeline, but it does not indicate the regulator has accepted the structure.
Crypto ETF Market Keeps Expanding
The proposal also shows how quickly the crypto ETF market is moving beyond plain spot products.
Bitcoin spot ETFs opened the door. Ethereum followed. Now issuers are testing leveraged, inverse, staked, altcoin, and multi-asset structures.
That expansion is natural in traditional ETF markets.
Once a base asset category becomes accepted, issuers compete by offering more specialized exposures. Crypto is now entering that phase, and regulators are being asked to decide how much complexity is appropriate.
What Traders Need To Understand
If products like these eventually launch, they will not be suitable for every investor.
Daily 3x leveraged funds are typically tools for active traders. Holding them over longer periods can produce unexpected results because the fund resets exposure each day.
For Bitcoin and Ethereum, that risk may be magnified by extreme volatility.
The SEC’s review will likely center on whether disclosures, exchange rules, and product design are sufficient to protect investors.
For now, Cboe’s proposal is another sign that crypto ETF experimentation is accelerating. Approval, however, is still an open question.
Ethereum’s EIP-7702 wallet delegation feature is facing renewed scrutiny after security research presented at the USENIX Security Symposium linked a large share of analyzed authorization transactions to attacker-controlled contracts.
The research found that 63% of EIP-7702 authorization transactions in the analyzed sample were connected to malicious contracts, with automated wallet-draining activity contributing to more than $2.3 million in confirmed thefts.
That sounds alarming, but the framing matters.
This is not the same as saying EIP-7702 has an inherent protocol bug. The concern is that wallet delegation can expand the attack surface when users are tricked into signing malicious authorizations.
In other words, the danger sits at the intersection of protocol flexibility, wallet UX, user behavior, and phishing infrastructure.
TL;DR
Security research linked 63% of analyzed EIP-7702 authorization transactions to attacker-controlled contracts.
The research identified more than $2.3 million in confirmed thefts.
The issue is malicious delegation and wallet attack surface, not necessarily a core Ethereum protocol bug.
What EIP-7702 Changes
EIP-7702 is part of Ethereum’s broader account-abstraction direction.
It allows externally owned accounts to temporarily behave more like smart contract accounts by delegating code execution. That opens the door to better wallet experiences, batched transactions, sponsored gas, automation, and more flexible account controls.
Those features can be useful.
But flexibility also creates new user risks. If a malicious site convinces a user to sign the wrong delegation authorization, the attacker may gain far more power than a typical phishing signature would allow.
That is why wallet design matters so much.
A powerful feature can become dangerous if users cannot clearly understand what they are authorizing.
Phishing Moves With The Tech
Attackers adapt quickly.
When crypto wallets become more capable, phishing campaigns evolve to exploit those capabilities. In earlier cycles, attackers focused heavily on seed phrases, malicious approvals, fake airdrops, and wallet-draining signatures.
Delegation adds another tool.
A user may think they are signing a routine transaction or interacting with a normal application, when they are actually authorizing code that gives an attacker dangerous control. Once that happens, automated systems can drain assets quickly.
The research’s $2.3 million loss figure shows that this is not just theoretical.
Wallet UX Is Now A Security Layer
Ethereum security is often discussed at the protocol level.
But for most users, wallet interfaces are the real security boundary. A protocol can be technically sound while users still lose funds because prompts are confusing, permissions are unclear, or malicious transactions are hard to interpret.
EIP-7702 makes that more important.
Wallets may need clearer warnings, better simulation tools, stronger delegation displays, contract reputation checks, and safer default flows. Users need to know when a signature gives a contract meaningful control over their account.
If they cannot understand the permission, they cannot judge the risk.
Do Not Blame The Feature Alone
It would be too simple to say EIP-7702 is “bad.”
Account abstraction is a major part of making Ethereum easier to use. Better wallets could reduce friction, improve onboarding, and help ordinary users avoid some of the problems that make crypto feel difficult today.
The problem is implementation and user protection.
New capabilities need matching safety tools. Otherwise, attackers get the benefit before normal users do.
That has happened before in crypto.
Every time the user experience becomes more complex, malicious actors look for confusion. EIP-7702 is no different.
What Comes Next
The next step is not panic. It is hardening.
Wallet teams, security researchers, dapp developers, and Ethereum infrastructure providers will need to improve how delegation permissions are displayed, simulated, and restricted. The goal should be to preserve the benefits of account abstraction without making phishing easier.
For users, the message is simpler: delegation signatures deserve extra caution.
If a wallet prompt is unclear, if a site is unfamiliar, or if a signature appears to grant broad account permissions, the safest move is to stop.
Ethereum’s account-abstraction roadmap remains important. But this research shows that better wallet power must come with better wallet safety.
US spot Bitcoin and Ethereum ETFs drew a combined $825.8 million in single-session inflows, giving crypto markets another strong signal that regulated demand has returned alongside the latest price rally.
Farside Investors data showed spot Bitcoin ETFs taking in $606.3 million for the August 20 session, led by BlackRock’s IBIT with $503 million. Spot Ethereum ETFs added another $219.5 million, led by BlackRock’s ETHA with $173.3 million.
That combination matters.
Bitcoin remains the dominant institutional crypto product, but Ethereum’s ETF inflow was also large enough to show broader participation. This was not only a BTC allocation day. It was a crypto ETF demand day.
TL;DR
US spot Bitcoin ETFs recorded $606.3 million in net inflows.
US spot Ethereum ETFs added $219.5 million.
Combined inflows reached about $825.8 million for the August 20 session.
IBIT Still Leads The Bitcoin ETF Market
BlackRock’s IBIT continues to set the pace.
With $503 million in inflows, IBIT accounted for most of the day’s Bitcoin ETF demand. That reinforces its role as the main institutional gateway for spot BTC exposure.
ETF flows are important because they represent regulated capital moving through traditional market infrastructure. They are not the whole Bitcoin market, but they are one of the clearest ways to measure institutional demand.
When IBIT takes in more than half a billion dollars in one session, traders notice.
That kind of inflow can support sentiment because it suggests buyers are not only chasing futures or short-term momentum. They are allocating through spot-backed listed products.
Ethereum’s $219M Session Is A Bigger Signal Than It Looks
The Ethereum ETF number is smaller than Bitcoin’s, but still meaningful.
A $219.5 million net inflow shows that ETH demand is not being left behind. BlackRock’s ETHA led the session with $173.3 million, giving Ethereum one of its strongest recent ETF demand signals.
That matters because ETH has often traded in Bitcoin’s shadow from an institutional standpoint.
Bitcoin is the cleaner macro asset. Ethereum has a more complex investment case tied to smart contracts, stablecoins, DeFi, staking, tokenization, and on-chain settlement. When Ethereum ETFs see strong inflows, it suggests investors are willing to move beyond BTC’s simpler digital-gold narrative.
That is important for the broader market.
Daily Flows Are Not Cumulative Flows
The numbers should be read precisely.
The $825.8 million figure is a single-session combined inflow across spot Bitcoin and Ethereum ETFs. It is not a cumulative lifetime figure. It also does not erase every prior outflow or guarantee that the next session will look the same.
ETF flows can change quickly.
Large inflows can be followed by quieter days, or even outflows, depending on price action, macro conditions, portfolio rebalancing, and institutional positioning.
So the responsible read is that the August 20 session was strong, not that every past flow concern has disappeared.
ETF Demand Strengthens The Rally’s Foundation
The timing is important.
Crypto markets were already moving higher, with Bitcoin pushing into stronger price levels and Ethereum seeing renewed momentum. ETF inflows add a more durable layer to that move because they show actual capital entering regulated vehicles.
A rally driven only by liquidations can fade quickly.
A rally supported by ETF inflows, spot demand, and improving sentiment is harder to dismiss.
That does not mean the market is risk-free. It does mean the latest move has more behind it than short covering alone.
What Comes Next
The next few sessions will matter.
If Bitcoin and Ethereum ETF inflows continue, traders may start treating this as a renewed allocation cycle. If flows fade quickly, the August 20 session may look more like a one-day rush during a volatile rally.
The split between BTC and ETH will also be important.
If Ethereum continues to attract meaningful ETF demand alongside Bitcoin, the market may begin pricing a broader institutional crypto rotation. If BTC dominates again, ETH may remain more dependent on crypto-native buyers.
For now, the ETF data is strong.
BlackRock led both categories, Bitcoin brought in the larger number, and Ethereum showed that institutional appetite is not limited to BTC alone.
Bitcoin and Ethereum edged higher into July 31, while a small shift in market dominance suggested traders were again watching whether capital was rotating toward major altcoins.
The validated notes show Bitcoin rising 0.29% to about $64,145.86, while Ethereum traded around the $1,890 to $1,920 range, briefly dipping below $1,900 before recovering. At the same time, BTC and ETH dominance slipped slightly, pointing to a modest move into other crypto assets.
That is not enough to declare “altseason,” and it would be lazy to pretend otherwise.
But it is enough to say the market is becoming more selective. Bitcoin and Ethereum remain the anchors, while traders are scanning altcoins for relative strength, fresh narratives, and clearer catalysts.
For more details, visit the official Coinmarketcap platform.
TL;DR
Bitcoin edged higher to roughly $64,145 on July 31.
Ethereum traded near the $1,900 area after a brief dip.
Slightly lower BTC and ETH dominance suggests traders are watching altcoin rotation, but not enough to call a broad altseason.
The reality is usually much messier. Capital rotates in stages, not all at once. Large caps may move first, then higher-quality altcoins, then more speculative assets. Sometimes rotation lasts days. Sometimes it fades quickly. Sometimes it is only a pause in Bitcoin dominance before BTC takes control again.
That is why the current market deserves a careful read.
Bitcoin and Ethereum are still holding the center. A slight dominance dip does not mean traders have abandoned them. It may simply mean that some capital is searching for better short-term setups elsewhere.
That can happen even while BTC and ETH move higher.
Bitcoin Still Sets The Tone
Bitcoin remains the first asset most traders watch.
When BTC is stable or rising gently, risk appetite often improves. Traders may become more comfortable moving into Ethereum, Solana, XRP, BNB, Chainlink, Sui, or other large-cap altcoins. When Bitcoin drops sharply, that appetite can vanish quickly.
So a modest BTC gain can create room for altcoin movement.
That does not make Bitcoin irrelevant. It makes Bitcoin the weather system the rest of crypto trades under.
At around $64,000, Bitcoin’s position is still strong enough to keep market confidence alive, but not necessarily explosive enough to absorb all attention. That can create the conditions for selective altcoin bids.
Ethereum’s Role Is Different
Ethereum’s position is a little more complicated.
ETH remains the largest smart-contract asset and a major institutional focus, but its market narrative now involves Layer 2s, ETF flows, stablecoins, DeFi revenue, mainnet fees, and competition from faster chains.
When Ethereum trades near $1,900, the market does not just ask whether ETH is rising. It asks whether Ethereum’s broader ecosystem is attracting capital.
If ETH stabilizes, some traders may look further down the ecosystem stack: Uniswap, Aave, ENS, Layer 2s, liquid staking, and other DeFi or infrastructure names. That is how Ethereum strength can sometimes spill into altcoins.
But again, that spillover is not automatic.
ETH can rise without DeFi tokens following. DeFi tokens can rally while ETH stalls. Rotation is never as clean as traders want it to be.
The Altcoin Market Is More Selective Now
The biggest difference from earlier cycles is selectivity.
In older bull phases, almost everything could move once traders decided risk was back. Now, the market is more fragmented. Liquidity is thinner in many assets. Investors are more sensitive to token unlocks, revenue, governance, emissions, legal risk, and actual usage.
That means altcoin rotation may favor stronger narratives rather than every token.
Real-world assets, stablecoin infrastructure, DeFi fee switches, AI compute, exchange-linked tokens, and major ecosystem upgrades may attract more attention than generic price charts.
This is healthier, even if it feels less euphoric.
A market where traders ask “what is the catalyst?” is more mature than one where every ticker moves simply because Bitcoin paused.
Watch Dominance, Not Just Price
The next useful signal is dominance.
If BTC and ETH keep rising while dominance continues to slip, that suggests broader participation. If dominance rebounds sharply, altcoin strength may fade. If BTC rolls over, most altcoins will likely struggle regardless of their individual setups.
So the right read is cautious optimism.
Bitcoin and Ethereum are steady enough to support risk appetite, and there are signs of selective rotation. But the market has not given enough evidence for a sweeping altseason call.
For now, traders are looking beyond the two largest assets, but they are not ignoring them.
That balance may define the next phase of the market.
This article is based on July 31 public crypto market data covering BTC, ETH, and market dominance.
This article was written by the News Desk and edited by Samuel Rae.
This report is based on information released by Coinmarketcap. at Coinmarketcap
Ethereum has turned 11, and the network’s birthday arrives with a very Ethereum-style contradiction: it is still one of the most important settlement layers in crypto, but its base-chain revenue has cooled sharply.
The validated July 31 notes show Ethereum hosting roughly $148.8 billion in stablecoins and around $15.5 billion in tokenized real-world assets. At the same time, daily mainnet revenue was reported near $330,000, with base-chain fees around $734,000 over a 24-hour period.
That combination tells the real story better than a birthday tribute would.
Ethereum is still deeply important. Stablecoins, DeFi, tokenized assets, Layer 2 settlement, and institutional infrastructure all continue to orbit around it. But the economics of the base chain are changing as activity moves across rollups, alternative chains, and cheaper execution environments.
Ethereum is not disappearing. Its revenue model is evolving.
For more details, visit the official Etherscan platform.
TL;DR
Ethereum turned 11 on July 30, 2026.
The network hosts about $148.8 billion in stablecoins and roughly $15.5 billion in tokenized real-world assets.
Mainnet revenue has cooled, showing the trade-off between scaling and base-layer fee capture.
Ethereum’s First Decade Was About Survival And Expansion
Ethereum’s first 11 years have been unusually eventful.
The network launched as Frontier in July 2015. Since then, it has survived the DAO crisis, hard forks, congestion cycles, NFT manias, DeFi booms, stablecoin growth, competing Layer 1s, regulatory pressure, and the Merge to proof-of-stake.
It also became the default home for much of crypto’s financial experimentation.
Stablecoins grew on Ethereum. Lending markets scaled there. DEXs became serious there. Tokenized assets, DAOs, NFTs, and Layer 2 ecosystems all built around Ethereum’s developer base and security assumptions.
That is why the stablecoin figure matters.
A $148.8 billion stablecoin base is not just a vanity metric. It shows that Ethereum remains a major settlement environment for dollar-denominated crypto activity, even as cheaper networks compete for transaction volume.
The Fee Drop Is Not Automatically Bad
Lower mainnet revenue can be read in two ways.
The bearish reading is that Ethereum is losing economic value. If users are paying less to transact on mainnet, ETH fee burn declines, validator economics change, and the network may capture less direct revenue from activity.
That matters.
But the more balanced reading is that Ethereum scaling is working in a way that changes where activity happens. Rollups and Layer 2 networks were designed to make transactions cheaper and move execution away from the congested base chain. If users can transact more cheaply, mainnet fees should fall.
That is the trade-off.
Ethereum wanted scaling. Scaling reduces fees. Lower fees reduce direct mainnet revenue. The question is whether Ethereum captures enough value through settlement, data availability, ETH monetary premium, and Layer 2 alignment to offset lower base-chain activity.
That is now one of Ethereum’s central debates.
Stablecoins Are The Anchor
Stablecoins remain one of Ethereum’s strongest anchors.
Speculative applications come and go, but stablecoins have become core financial plumbing. Traders use them. Exchanges use them. DeFi protocols use them. Payment companies use them. Treasury desks and market makers use them.
If Ethereum continues to host a large share of stablecoin value, it remains strategically important even if some transaction execution migrates elsewhere.
The same is true for tokenized real-world assets.
A reported $15.5 billion RWA base is still small relative to traditional finance, but meaningful within crypto. Tokenized treasuries, credit products, funds, and other on-chain assets have become one of the more serious institutional narratives in the market.
Ethereum’s role is less about being the cheapest chain and more about being a trusted settlement layer with deep liquidity, developer tooling, and long-running infrastructure.
Layer 2s Changed The Revenue Conversation
Ethereum’s Layer 2 strategy is both its strength and its complication.
On one hand, rollups make Ethereum more usable. They reduce congestion, lower transaction costs, and allow applications to scale without every user touching mainnet directly.
On the other hand, they fragment liquidity and reduce direct fee pressure on the base chain.
That creates a new valuation question for ETH.
In the old model, high demand for blockspace translated into high fees and more burn. In the newer model, activity may happen across many Layer 2s, while Ethereum earns through settlement and data-related demand. That can be healthier for users but harder for investors to model.
The network’s 11th birthday therefore comes at an important moment.
Ethereum is no longer proving that smart contracts matter. That battle was won years ago. Now it is proving that a modular scaling strategy can still support strong ETH economics.
Ethereum’s Next Chapter Is About Value Capture
Ethereum’s position remains strong, but the easy narrative is gone.
It is not enough to say Ethereum has the most developers or the deepest DeFi history. Competitors are faster, cheaper, and more specialized. Layer 2s create both scale and fragmentation. Mainnet fees no longer tell the whole story.
The better question is where value ultimately settles.
If stablecoins, RWAs, DeFi collateral, and rollups continue depending on Ethereum security, then lower fees may be part of a successful scaling path. If too much activity and value drift away without returning economic benefit to ETH, the market will care.
That is why the current data is so interesting.
Ethereum at 11 is still foundational, but the business model of the base layer is being rewritten in real time.
This article is based on public Ethereum network data and July 2026 stablecoin, RWA, and fee metrics.
This article was written by the News Desk and edited by Samuel Rae.
This report is based on information released by Etherscan. at Etherscan
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