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15 historic moments that shaped the Linux desktop we use today

Linux has come a long way from the days when getting a graphical desktop running could feel like a project of its own. Today, you can install a modern Linux distro, open a browser, connect your Bluetooth headphones, and get on with your work. That experience is the result of decades of development, arguments, ambitious redesigns, and a few spectacular failures.

Samosa Dip with Spiced Potatoes, Crispy Chickpeas, Chutneys and Yogurt

This loaded Samosa Dip brings all the flavor of samosa chaat to a shareable party platter! Samosa-spiced potatoes, crispy chickpeas, tangy chutneys, creamy yogurt and crunchy veggies make every scoop a delicious mix of textures. No pastry or folding needed! Nut-free, gluten-free and soy-free, with 13g protein (52g total) and 10g fiber per serving!)

samosa platter with yogurt bed and cucumber on a white plate

This samosa chaat platter is going to be the first thing that disappears at every dinner party. It has an incredible mix of flavors and textures! It looks festive, it’s easy, and perfect for the upcoming festive season. This samosa platter is also high in protein and fiber. with 13 grams protein(52g total without sides) and 10 grams fiber per serving. If you use multigrain or whole grain crackers or pita as a side, the numbers bump up by 3-5g.
It also has this word that is going to get you to run to the kitchen to make it right now, which is SAMOSAS!

What are Samosas?
Samosa are crispy, savory pastries stuffed with deliciously spiced potatoes. They’re a super popular Indian side and the star of this platter.

What is Chaat?

Chaat is a family of Indian street food snacks. Chaat dishes usually have tons of different textures and sauces and flavors built up. Chaat actually means to lick, basically, because the flavor and texture combination is so amazing that you really want to lick every last bit off of your plate.

For samosa chaat, ideally you use some pre-made samosas, break them apart, top them with yogurt, chutneys (like my cilantro-mint chutney or tamarind chutney), some other crispy bits, and fresh onion and tomato. But for an easier and healthier version, we’re just making the samosa potatoes and then layering it all up.

samosa platter components in bowls before assembling

Traditionally, chaat comes with the crispy bits, such as the crispy crackers or the crispy samosas, right in it. And if you’re making it ahead, all of those crispy bits kind of get soggy. So to avoid that, we’re going to make this layered dip kind of situation and serve the crackers on the side, so that people can just scoop it directly from the platter. You get those same flavors and textures, but you never lose that crunch!

If you don’t want to make the whole platter, you can also just make these individual components and serve them all as a chaat spread, so that people can take whichever toppings they want and whichever chutneys and sauces they want. If they want just the chickpeas, they can use just the chickpeas with some sauces, or just the potatoes, or all of the above. Make all of these components, and then serve them however you like. They are absolutely delicious and amazing.

samosa platter with crackers and pita triangles

You can use store-bought tamarind chutney, but there is a recipe for a homemade tamarind chutney in the recipe notes, which comes from my first cookbook. If you don’t like tamarind or don’t have access to tamarind, you can also make the maple lime sauce that I’ll also put in the recipe notes. Or use Mango chutney (store bought or homemade)

You can serve this with crackers, crisp pita bread, papadum, cucumber, carrots, or tortilla chips as the crunchy element. Use what you have, and try this incredible samosa chaat platter!

samosa platter with yogurt bed on a Black plate

Why You’ll Love This Samosa Platter

  • flavors and textures of samosa chaat, simplified
  • crunchy chickpeas, spiced potatoes, and flavorful chutneys
  • make for now or make ahead!
  • naturally gluten-free, soy-free, and nut-free

Continue reading: Samosa Dip with Spiced Potatoes, Crispy Chickpeas, Chutneys and Yogurt

The post Samosa Dip with Spiced Potatoes, Crispy Chickpeas, Chutneys and Yogurt appeared first on Vegan Richa.

Ecash Ecosystem Rises to Challenge in the Defense of Decentralized Custody

Bitcoin Magazine

Ecash Ecosystem Rises to Challenge in the Defense of Decentralized Custody

BTC++, Berlin, and breakthroughs in advancing Bitcoin custody

A few weeks ago, I argued that the Bitcoin ecosystem kept asking the wrong question, tending to frame everything as “trusted” or “trustless.” Instead, I urged people to ask “How many independent things have to go wrong before you lose your money?”

This is a guest post by Obi Nwosu, Co-Founder of Fedi and Fedimint. Opinions expressed are entirely their own and do not necessarily reflect those of BTC Inc. or Bitcoin Magazine.

Look at Liquid or, weeks before that, Coldcard. Matt Corallo expressed the issue in the most succinct terms: run the same software, suffer the same bugs.

That critique applied to Fedimint, too, and I’m the first to say it. We built it to remove single people and single institutions as points of failure. But there was just one implementation of the protocol — a software monoculture below federations of humans. Not secure enough. 

And so I’m happy to say that Fedimint developers have already responded.

At Ecash Hackday in Berlin, the Fedimint team got a single federation running across three independent implementations, with Cashu’s thesimplekid building one of them.

Had a great time at Ecash Hackday in Berlin, got a Fedimint running with 3 different implementations by @thesimplekid, me and the Fedimint team! 🚀

Already got 3 Fedimint implementations now, who will build the 4th one? 😏 https://t.co/TnttZYOBKR pic.twitter.com/2MPdtlaJqt

— elsirion 🔅 (@EricSirion) September 30, 2026

Three separate codebases, one federation, holding funds together. Developers have begun to create a solution to the monoculture I called out a few weeks ago. And the team’s response was to ask who builds the fourth, which is exactly the spirit I was hoping for.

Calle took the same principle and ran with it in his own direction. At bitcoin++ he unveiled Federated Cashu, which is designed in a way that no single operator stands alone behind a user’s funds. Any four or five keep the federation going, on a new blind signature scheme.

. @callebtc unveils “Federated Cashu” at @btcplusplus

“You don’t need to trust the operator with your privacy, but you do need to trust the operator with your security”

“Any combination of 4/5 continues the federation”

A new Blind BLS signature scheme is involved. pic.twitter.com/S8iL9Qaa9u

— Matthew Vuk 🛳 (@matthewvuk2) October 1, 2026

Two teams. Two approaches. One shared goal: ecosystem resilience, advanced within weeks.

Fault tolerance does not come from trustworthiness alone, however good your audits, formal verifications, and your security culture are. It comes from independent failure domains. No single bug, no single vendor, no single jurisdiction able to take everything at once.

I’ll be clear about the layers, because the distinction matters. Fedimint is the open-source protocol. Fedi is what we build on top of it. When the protocol grows a second and a third implementation, every federation gets more resilient and no member has to change a thing about how they use their wallet. Guardians can run different software while serving the same people.

I laid out five layers where independence has to hold, and I’ll hold myself to them:

  • Multiple implementations of every protocol that holds funds. 
  • Multiple wallet implementations. 
  • Keys generated on hardware from different vendors. 
  • Multiple independent, trustworthy people, whose privacy is protected, behind every system that holds money.
  • Distribution across geographies and jurisdictions, because a jurisdiction’s rules can change overnight. 

The developers who worked on this in Berlin moved those five closer to reality.

Thank you to everyone who continues to focus on building and sharing their proof-of-work. And to the rest of us, myself included: we are not done. Our ecosystem needs to start demanding independence at every layer. Software, hardware, humans, jurisdictions — all the way down.

That is how we maintain users’ confidence in Bitcoin as we enter this new age of AI-assisted threats to our ecosystem.

This post Ecash Ecosystem Rises to Challenge in the Defense of Decentralized Custody first appeared on Bitcoin Magazine and is written by Obi Nwosu.

Open Source Intelligence (OSINT): Extracting Information from TikTok

Welcome back, aspiring cyberwarriors and OSINT investigators!

Today, we’re diving deeper into the world of social media OSINT, focusing specifically on TikTok. What started as a simple short-video app has rapidly transformed into a major global player, boasting over one billion active users who are constantly creating, sharing, and engaging with content at an unprecedented rate. While many view TikTok purely as a source of entertainment, this article will uncover how we can leverage various tools to gather valuable insights, including location data, network connections, and metadata. So, let’s get rolling!

Step #1: Decoding TikTok URL Metadata

Let’s dive into our first tool, Unfurl. This tool wasn’t created specifically for TikTok, but it’s useful for quickly gathering basic information about videos. Its name perfectly describes its purpose: it unfurls or unravels URL structures to uncover the valuable information embedded within them.

When you share a TikTok video, the URL carries much more than just a simple link to the content. TikTok encodes identifiers, timestamps, and metadata right into the URL, often in formats that aren’t easily decipherable at first glance. Unfurl takes these URLs and translates the embedded data into clear, visual formats, making analysis much more straightforward.

To get started, simply open dfir.blog/unfurl in your browser.


The interface is simple. Paste any TikTok video link into this field and click the Unfurl button. The tool processes the URL and generates a tree diagram showing all extracted metadata.

The screenshot above shows that we have extracted the video ID, a unique identifier assigned to each video on the platform. Additionally, the author’s username and timestamps embedded in TikTok URLs indicate when the content was published. Unfurl processes these timestamps from their encoded formats and translates them into easily readable dates and times.

Step #2: TikTok Timestamp

Bellingcat has released a tool that extracts the exact upload date and time from TikTok video URLs. You can use it after the link https://bellingcat.github.io/tiktok-timestamp/

It’s very simple, but it can sometimes be useful when doing an investigation. Just paste the link, and you’ll get the date and time.

Step #3: Gathering TikTok Account Intelligence

Let’s shift our focus to account-level insights rather than just individual video metadata. To do so, there’s a website called omar-thing.site that can help.


To begin, simply enter the username of the account you wish to explore and submit your query.

The results start with the avatar, which can be downloaded for further analysis. The account name and display name are extracted separately.

The account location is shown as the country where it was registered or where TikTok believes the user is based, in this case, Belarus. The account’s language is also listed.

Below that is the bio (blurred here due to ads), followed by key stats and details: the permanent user ID, creation date, dates of any username changes, and whether the account is private or public.

At the bottom of those details, we can find lists of followers and of those being followed. We can click to explore them further or download the information for analysis later.

Summary

By using a few simple tools, you can uncover a wealth of valuable information from TikTok. This article serves as a starting point for exploring this social media platform not just as a source of entertainment, but also as a treasure trove of insights.

If you’re looking to enhance your OSINT skills beyond just using these tools, consider exploring OSINT training. If you need assistance in uncovering the truth, don’t hesitate to reach out to us at hackers-arise@protonmail.com, and we’ll conduct a comprehensive OSINT investigation for you.

The post Open Source Intelligence (OSINT): Extracting Information from TikTok first appeared on Hackers Arise.

Chili Coconut Garlic Tofu, Pickled Cabbage Sandwich (Vada Pav Chutney Tofu Sandwich)

This epic roasted garlic chili coconut tofu sandwich stars this toasty, flavor-packed chili-garlic-coconut chutney(Indian Vada Pav Chutney) that coats the tofu paired with this creamy, herbed yogurt sauce and tangy pickled cabbage. 18g Protein 7g fiber!

stack of coconut tofu sandwiches on a cutting board

I am so excited to bring you another sandwich in my series of reimagining sandwiches inspired by popular Indian street food! This one is spicy, nutty, coconutty, sweet, crunchy, creamy, and tangy all at once. It’s such an incredible combination of flavors and textures.
Don’t miss all the summer sandwiches in the series! These are some of my best sandwiches, Big flavor, and nutrient dense! Watch me make them on my YouTube channel! 🌶️

These stacked, make ahead friendly sandwiches and the Indian jalapeño popper toasts (15g protein per toast!) and my Indian crispy Chikin tofu sandwich, all pack incredible flavor and also Protein and fiber!

coconut tofu sandwich on a cutting board after assembling

We’re going to make this chili garlic coconut chutney, which is a dry condiment (lasun chutney) often found in vada pav, a popular Indian sandwich. Vada pav usually has that chutney and a green chutney, and then there is this fried fritter of potatoes that’s tucked into bread. It’s so delicious.

I’m taking that amazing chutney and adding it on top of some tofu slices and baking them, then using them to fill up the coconut tofu sandwich. We’re piling them high in the sandwich along with a creamy, cooling, herby yogurt sauce as well as some tangy pickled cabbage. You can also use other pickled vegetables in this sandwich and add some roasted veggies, as well. This is a very flexible sandwich. 

The main flavor component of this coconut tofu sandwich is that chili garlic chutney, so don’t skimp on it. Definitely make that chutney, and don’t skimp on the garlic or the chili when you do. They give it an amazing flavor.

photo of the chili garlic coconut tofu on a plate

You want to use super firm tofu for the best results, but extra firm tofu works, as well. I like to slice it thin, almost like deli slices, because the more surface area, the more flavor you get from all of that chutney.

The chili garlic chutney has loads of garlic that gets toasted, then process it up with toasted sesame seeds, peanuts, toasted coconut, and a good amount of Kashmiri chili powder. I use Kashmiri chili powder a lot in my Indian recipes. If you don’t have it, you definitely need to get some. It has a very distinctive flavor and isn’t overly hot, so you can use it in non-Indian recipes, as well, in place of paprika. It adds beautiful color and amazing flavor. You can find Kashmiri chili powder online or at Indian grocery stores.

hand holding a coconut tofu sandwich wrapped in butcher paper

We make the yogurt sauce with yogurt, herbs, lime juice, and a little maple syrup to balance the savoriness. The pickled cabbage is simply cabbage pickled with vinegar, salt, sugar, and pepper flakes. You can use the same ingredients to pickle other vegetables, like cucumber, radishes, or onions, as well.

This sandwich has amazing flavors and textures in every bite!!!

chili garlic coconut tofu sandwich ingredients on plates, ready to assemble

Why You’ll Love this Coconut Tofu Sandwich

  • toothsome tofu smothered in toasty, flavor-packed chili garlic coconut chutney
  • creamy, herbed non-dairy yogurt sauce
  • crunchy, tangy pickled cabbage contrasts all of those rich, deep flavors
  • easily made gluten-free, nut-free, and soy-free

Continue reading: Chili Coconut Garlic Tofu, Pickled Cabbage Sandwich (Vada Pav Chutney Tofu Sandwich)

The post Chili Coconut Garlic Tofu, Pickled Cabbage Sandwich (Vada Pav Chutney Tofu Sandwich) appeared first on Vegan Richa.

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