Microsoft’s Azure cloud business grew 43% last quarter, blowing past the company’s own forecast and surpassing $100 billion in annual revenue for the first time, providing fresh evidence of the potential for artificial intelligence to fuel new growth for the tech giant.

The company’s results for its fiscal fourth quarter also showed the price of that growth: capital spending hit a record $41 billion, largely to support the company’s AI buildout, and free cash flow sank 23% even as operating profits jumped 18%.

And in a new twist, Microsoft shares rose more than 5% in after-hours trading, in contrast with the recent pattern in which the company’s strong results were met with selloffs that pushed its stock near a one-year low.

Companywide results: Overall, Microsoft reported revenue of $90 billion for the quarter, up 18% from a year ago, and net income of $35.8 billion, up 31%. Analysts had expected $87.7 billion in revenue, a figure that was already at the top of Microsoft’s own guidance range.

Microsoft’s adjusted earnings of $4.74 per share topped the $4.24 that analysts expected, according to Yahoo Finance. That included a $3.2 billion gain on Microsoft’s investment in Anthropic, part of a 27-cent benefit from one-time items. Even excluding those items, the company said, it exceeded expectations across revenue, operating income and earnings per share.

Microsoft 365 Copilot surpassed 30 million paid seats, up from 20 million last quarter. That’s still less than 7% of the roughly 450 million commercial Microsoft 365 seats, a gap that has drawn investor skepticism all year.

Microsoft’s backlog grew 84% to $678 billion. Known as remaining performance obligation, or RPO, it’s the value of contracts that customers have signed but that Microsoft hasn’t delivered on yet, basically the business Microsoft has already locked in but has yet to record as revenue.

Investors have been worried for a year that too much of it came from a single customer, OpenAI. Microsoft said all of the $51 billion increase over the prior quarter came from customers other than the big AI model companies. Setting OpenAI aside, the backlog still grew 25%.

Windows OEM and Devices revenue declined 7%, hurt by slower PC demand and a tough comparison with last year’s Windows 10 upgrade wave. The decline would have been steeper, but PC makers built more machines to get ahead of rising memory prices, and Microsoft collects its Windows fee when a PC is built rather than when it’s sold.

Xbox content and services revenue fell 10% and Xbox hardware fell 13%. Microsoft also wrote down the value of unspecified Xbox assets. The company grouped that charge with severance costs and lower-than-expected costs from its retirement program — a net $500 million hit to operating income — and declined to say how much of it was Xbox or what was written down.

Microsoft has topped earnings expectations consistently in recent years, yet its stock is near a one-year low. So while it’s worth paying attention to revenue and profits when the company reports its fiscal year-end results Wednesday, there are clearly other forces at play on Wall Street.

Here are the key stats and trendlines to watch going into the earnings report for the fourth quarter of the company’s 2026 fiscal year, ended June 30.

Core numbers: Analysts expect revenue of about $87.7 billion for the quarter, up 14.7% from a year ago, and earnings of $4.24 per share, up 16%, according to Yahoo Finance. Microsoft’s own revenue guidance was $86.7 billion to $87.8 billion — meaning Wall Street is looking for a result at the very top of the company’s range.

For the full fiscal year, that works out to roughly $329 billion in revenue, up 17% from $281.7 billion in fiscal 2025.

Capital expense: This is the big one. Microsoft told investors to expect more than $40 billion in capital spending for the quarter, which would be a record — up from $31.9 billion in the March quarter and $37.5 billion in the one before that. About two-thirds goes to GPUs and other short-lived hardware.

For the calendar year, the company expects to spend roughly $190 billion. Chief Financial Officer Amy Hood said about $25 billion of that total is the result of higher component prices.

One big question this week will be the company’s guidance for capex going forward. Because this is the fiscal year-end, Wednesday brings the company’s first capital spending guidance for fiscal 2027, which began July 1.

Capex concerns: Google parent Alphabet last week foreshadowed what may happen to Microsoft. It reported revenue up 24% and cloud revenue up 82%, then raised its own capital spending forecast to as much as $205 billion — well above the roughly $188 billion analysts expected. The stock fell 7% the next day and Alphabet fell below its prior $4 trillion market valuation.

Big picture, investors seem to have decided the capital spending is getting ahead of the payoff. Data centers and chips cost money now, while the AI revenue meant to justify them arrives over years — if it ever reaches the scale these companies are promising.

Moody’s Ratings raised its own red flags about this last week, saying the six largest cloud and AI platforms will spend about $785 billion this year and close to $1 trillion in 2027. Demand is real and accelerating, the ratings agency said, but “the ultimate return on investment is unclear.”

Cloud margins: This is where the capital spending starts to become evident in the company’s core quarterly results. Microsoft Cloud gross margin — the share of cloud revenue left after the cost of delivering the service — has slipped from 72% three years ago to 66% last quarter.

For the quarter it reports Wednesday, Microsoft told investors to expect about 64%. On the prior earnings call, Hood attributed the decline to AI infrastructure costs and growing use of GitHub Copilot, partly offset by efficiency gains in Azure.

Microsoft doesn’t absorb the cost of a data center all at once. It spreads the expense across the years the equipment is expected to last. That cost shows up here, in the expense of running the cloud — making this one of the first places where the capital spending hits earnings.

Microsoft Azure: On its prior conference call, Microsoft said it expected the Azure cloud business to grow 39% to 40% in constant currency in Q4, a slight acceleration from the 39% posted in Q3. Analysts expect roughly the same, with some outliers such as BNP Paribas looking for 41%.

But the published expectations aren’t the real bar. In January, Azure grew 38% — ahead of Microsoft’s guidance — and the stock fell 10%, because Wall Street had privately been expecting 39.4%.

Azure’s growth rate also reflects a choice as much as it does demand. Microsoft has been routing scarce computing capacity to its own products first — Copilot, GitHub Copilot, internal research — and selling what remains to Azure customers. Hood has said the growth rate would have been higher had that capacity gone to customers instead. Demand continues to outrun supply, and the company expects to stay “constrained at least through 2026.”

Business Insider reported Sunday that the shortage of supply has pushed Microsoft to shop for additional computing capacity outside its own data centers, evaluating capacity from Amazon and Google, and that Amazon stepped in following a series of GitHub outages.

Copilot and AI revenue: Microsoft said in April that its AI business had reached a $37 billion annual revenue run rate, up 123% from a year earlier. It was the first update to that number since January 2025, when the company put it at $13 billion. Whether Microsoft discloses it a third time Wednesday is a signal in itself.

Microsoft 365 Copilot passed 20 million paid seats last quarter, up from 15 million in January. That’s about 4.4% of the 450 million commercial seats across Microsoft 365 — the gap that has drawn skepticism from investors all year. Microsoft said it expects the number of new paid seats to grow again this quarter.

Meanwhile, the company is launching new initiatives to drive adoption of AI among its customers. Earlier this month it launched the Microsoft Frontier Company, a $2.5 billion effort to put 6,000 engineers inside customer organizations to help them deploy AI.

Wednesday is also the first report since Microsoft changed how it charges for GitHub Copilot. As of June 1, customers pay based on usage rather than a flat fee per user.

The OpenAI backlog: Microsoft’s remaining performance obligations — RPO, a measure of contracts customers have signed but the company has not yet fulfilled — reached $627 billion last quarter, up 99% from a year earlier. About a quarter of that is expected to become revenue in the next 12 months. It’s the strongest evidence that there’s real demand supporting the AI buildout.

But the RPO is also highly concentrated. In January, when it stood at $625 billion, 45% was tied to OpenAI — roughly $281 billion committed by a single customer that is still losing money. Take OpenAI out of last quarter’s figure and the growth drops from 99% to 26%.

Then in April, Microsoft and OpenAI revamped their partnership, and OpenAI ended its exclusive commitment to run on Azure.

Reliability: On July 23, a bug in Microsoft’s automated network maintenance tooling cut a West US Azure data center off from the company’s global network, knocking out Teams, SharePoint, OneDrive and Copilot Chat for about five hours. Microsoft has published a preliminary post-incident report, and a final one is due within two weeks.

The outage falls in the quarter that began July 1, so it won’t appear in Wednesday’s numbers. But it comes as Microsoft is asking businesses to hand AI agents real control of their operations.

Retirement charge: Wednesday’s results will include about $900 million in one-time costs from Microsoft’s voluntary retirement program, the first in the company’s 51-year history. Hood said roughly $350 million falls in the cost of revenue and $550 million in operating expenses.

About 8,750 U.S. employees were eligible — 7% of Microsoft’s U.S. workforce — and about 30% accepted, Chief People Officer Amy Coleman confirmed in an interview with GeekWire, in line with what the company expected. Those departures reduced the size of the 4,800-job cut Microsoft announced July 6, which happened after this quarter ended.

Even with the retirement costs, Microsoft told investors it expects operating margins for the full fiscal year to be about a point higher than last year. Hood also said on last quarter’s call that headcount declined year over year and will keep declining in fiscal 2027.

Windows: Microsoft expects Windows OEM revenue — what PC makers pay to put Windows on their machines — to decline close to 20% this quarter.

A few factors are driving this:

• Last year’s wave of PC upgrades, when support for Windows 10 ended, makes for a tough comparison.
• PC makers stocked up on parts and machines ahead of rising memory prices and are now working through them.
• The PC market itself is slower, because memory prices have made computers more expensive.

The memory shortage is hitting Microsoft a few different ways. In addition to adding about $25 billion to the company’s capital spending this calendar year, as noted above, it lowers what Microsoft earns from Windows. Also, in late June, Microsoft raised Xbox console prices by $100 to $150, saying storage and memory costs had risen more than 2.5 times.

This week: Facebook parent Meta reports the same afternoon as Microsoft, with Apple and Amazon on Thursday and Alphabet already out. Check back Wednesday afternoon for coverage.

Microsoft is cutting 4,800 jobs, just over 2% of its global workforce, citing a need to revamp its sales and consulting division to keep pace with a rapidly changing tech industry, while overhauling its Xbox business in a push for long-term growth and profitability from gaming. 

The cuts include about 600 jobs in Washington state, home to Microsoft’s Redmond headquarters. That’s down from 3,200 job reductions locally a year ago. Combined with ongoing hiring, Microsoft’s workforce in the state is expected to remain stable at around 52,000 people.

About 1,600 of the 4,800 job cuts being announced Monday are in the Xbox division. Additional Xbox layoffs in the months ahead are expected to bring total job reductions in the gaming division to roughly 3,200, or about 20% of the global Xbox workforce, this fiscal year. 

Microsoft is also spinning off four Xbox game studios to operate independently. 

In an internal memo, Xbox CEO Asha Sharma called it the biggest restructuring in Xbox history, saying the division has been “operating at margins that are 3-10x lower than comparable platform and publishing businesses” and that studios have been losing 64 cents for every dollar invested.

Overall, top executives sought to distinguish Microsoft from other tech giants, saying the cuts were minimized by the redeployment of more than 4,000 employees into new roles over the past year and a voluntary retirement program that let thousands more exit by their own choice.

By comparison, the company last year cut more than 15,000 jobs globally in two rounds of layoffs in spring and summer 2025 — the largest reductions in more than a decade.

The latest cuts come amid record capital spending on the company’s AI infrastructure, pressure from Wall Street to keep operating expenses in check, and a 30% stock slide that has wiped out roughly $1.2 trillion in Microsoft’s market value over the past nine months.

“Microsoft can only be a strong employer if it has a successful business,” said Brad Smith, its president and vice chair, in an interview with GeekWire. “We have to adapt to change.”

Before the latest cuts, the company’s total workforce was about 220,000 people. Across the company, Microsoft expects worldwide headcount to decline year-over-year, CFO Amy Hood said on an April earnings call. 

Amy Coleman, Microsoft’s chief people officer, said in a memo to employees Monday morning that the roles the company is eliminating today are not being directly replaced by AI.

At the same time, she acknowledged, “AI is changing how work gets done.” She added, “Some of the tasks we do every day can now be automated, and that means we all need to keep learning, keep building new skills, and keep adapting as the work evolves.”

However, the line from Coleman’s memo that may get the most attention internally is this: “We are still early on this journey, and there will be more changes ahead; other parts of our business will need to make similar changes.”

In an interview, Coleman stopped short of signaling further layoffs across the company. Instead, she described a larger shift in how Microsoft manages its workforce. That includes reskilling engineers for customer-facing and AI-focused positions, and exploring how to make voluntary exit programs a regular part of the company’s operations — not just a one-time offer, but potentially something employees could opt into annually or on an ongoing basis.

Coleman confirmed that about 30% of roughly 8,750 eligible U.S. employees accepted Microsoft’s first-ever voluntary retirement program in recent weeks, in line with the company’s expectations, which reduced the size of the reduction in force announced Monday. 

The cutbacks and changes in the company’s sales and consulting teams build on last week’s launch of the Microsoft Frontier Company, a $2.5 billion initiative to embed 6,000 engineers inside customers to deploy AI. The shift is reducing some traditional sales and consulting roles and resulting in more technical positions working directly with customers. 

“We’re seeing that we need more engineering excellence in the customer space,” she said. 

Smith said software development is undergoing its biggest shift in the more than 50 years since Microsoft’s founding. The widespread use of AI is making code cheaper and faster to produce, but he said that’s also creating demand for new kinds of roles and work.

“Some things like coding require less time of software developers,” he said. “At the same time, there’s new parts that are growing, whether it’s the product management or software design, or perhaps most importantly, working directly with customers.”

Update: A filing by Microsoft on Monday under the Washington state Worker Adjustment and Retraining Notification Act listed 605 positions being eliminated in Washington state.

The roles span software engineering, product management, sales strategy, data science, business program management, marketing, and game design, among others — ranging from mid-level individual contributors to senior managers, consistent with cuts that reach across both the company’s technical ranks and its sales and consulting operations.